The protein encoded by this gene is a DNA binding homeobox transcription factor involved in embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation, renewal, and pluripotency. The encoded protein can block ES cell differentiation and can also autorepress its own expression in differentiating cells. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
Molecular Weight(MW)
42 kDa
Function
NANOG (Nanog homeobox) is a divergent homeodomain protein that directs pluripotency and differentiation of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. NANOG mRNA is present in pluripotent mouse and human cell lines, and absent from differentiated cells. Human NANOG protein shares 52% overall amino acid identity with the mouse protein, and 85% identity in the homeodomain. Human NANOG maps to gene locus 12p13.31, while the mouse NANOG maps to gene loci 6 F2. Murine embryonic NANOG expression is detected in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Research studies have shown that high levels of human NANOG expression in the undifferentiated N-Tera embryonal carcinoma cell line. Further, NANOG is a transcription regulator involved in inner cell mass and embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferation and self-renewal. The role of NANOG in embryonic development suggested that it might be useful in the creation of stem cells that might be useful in cell replacement therapies in the treatment of several degenerative diseases. Artificial stem cells, termed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, can be created by expressing POU5F1 (also known as Oct-4), another germline-specific transcription factor, and the transcription factors Sox2, Klf4 and Lin28 along with c-Myc in mouse fibroblasts. Experiments have demonstrated that iPS cells could be generated using expression plasmids expressing NANOG, Sox2, KlfF4 and c-Myc, eliminating the need for virus introduction, thereby addressing a safety concern for potential use of iPS cells in regenerative medicine. When overexpressed, NANOG promotes cells to enter into S phase and proliferation. Diseases associated with dysfunction in the NANOG protein include tetracarcinoma and germ cell/embryonal cancer.
Cellular Localization
Nucleus
Application
WB
Western blot analysis of Nanog in mouse brain , rat brain lysates and using Nanog Goat pAb.
IF
Immunofluorescence analysis of Nanog(Green) in human testis cancer tissue using Nanog Goat pAb, and DAPI(Blue)