| Modification Notes |
The Visinin-like proteins, VILIP-1, VILIP-2 and VILIP-3, belong to a family of neuronal Ca2+ sensor (NCS) proteins conserved from yeast to human. Members of NCS family are mainly expressed in retinal photoreceptors, neuroendocrine cells or neurons and primarily function to regulate gene expression, modulate neurotransmitter release, direct regulation of ion channels, control cyclic nucleotide metabolism, biosynthesize polyphosphoinositides and participate in phototransduction. The NCS family is divided into five subfamilies, consisting of about 40 family members. VILIP-1 associates with actin in the cytoskeleton, which may translocate VILIP-1 to the membrane. VILIP-2 and VILIP-3 may be involved in Ca2+-dependent regulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation and may bind to two or three Ca2+ ions. |