| Modification Notes |
Phosphatidylinositol-glycans (PIGs) are multi-pass transmembrane proteins that localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. PIGs are crucial for the synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol, a very early intermediate in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. PIGs play a role in the recognition of either the GPI attachment signal or the lipid portion of GPI. PIG-U (CDC91L1) is a critical part of GPI transamidase (GPIT), a multisubunit membrane-bound complex also consisting of Gaa1, Gpi8, PIG-S, and PIG-T. GPIT recognizes C-terminal signal sequences on proproteins and replaces them with specific GPI lipids. The PIG-U gene is oncogenic and is implicated in the development of human bladder cancer. Overexpression of PIG-U causes increased expression of the urokinase receptor (uPAR), a GPI-anchored protein, thereby amplifying signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3) phosphorylation in bladder cancer cells, which may lead to cancer. |