| Modification Notes |
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 4 (VAMP-4) belongs to a subfamily of the large SNARE family. VAMP-4 is distributed mainly in tubular and vesicular membranes of the trans-Golgi network, particularly in heart, brain and testis, but is found in almost all tissues. VAMP-4 interacts with small synaptic vesicles and Clathrin-coated vesicles, participating in intracellular trafficking of secreted and membrane-associated proteins. It forms a complex with the TGN-trafficking protein syntaxin 6. VAMP-4 contains a di-leucine motif which binds to the adaptor protein-1 (AP-1) subunit µ-1a. Phosphorylation-dependent binding of the molecule PACS-1 to AP-1 modulates the attachment of AP-1 to VAMP-4. VAMP-4 may contribute to risk for suicide attempt, possibly through alterations in neural conduction. |