| Modification Notes |
SP17 (sperm protein 17), also known as SPA17 (sperm autoantigenic protein 17), SP17-1 or CT22 (cancer/testis antigen 22), is a sperm surface peripheral membrane protein. It is predominantly expressed in testis and contains two heparan binding motifs and a C-terminal calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain. SP17 exists as a homodimer and localizes to the head and tail of spermatozoa. Residing in the fibrous sheath of the tail, SP17 interacts, via its N-terminus, with AKAP 3 and may play an important signaling role in this PKA-independent AKAP complex. Localizing to the cytoplasm of the head of spermatozoa, SP17 can bind to the zona pellucida of the oocyte with high affinity, suggesting a role in fertilization. In addition, SP17 has been identified as a cancer/testis antigen and is expressed in ovarian cancer and multiple myeloma. This suggests that SP17 could be suitable as a target in tumor immunotherapy. |