| Modification Notes |
The adiponutrin family consists of Adiponutrin (ADPN), GS1, GS2, GS2-like, PNPLA1 and adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), also designated Desnutrin). ADPN, ATGL and GS2 display lipase activity, which is dependent upon the presence of an activated serine residue. GS2, also designated DXS1283E or patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 4 (PNPLA4), is expressed in all tissues that have been examined, including brain, heart, lung, muscle, liver, placenta, spleen, pancreas and kidney. It is also highly expressed in adipose tissue and may contribute to lipolysis in human adipose tissue. GS2-like, also designated patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 5 (PNPLA5), is expressed and regulated similarly to ADPN, although the levels of GS2-like mRNA are lower than ADPN. Overexpression of GS2, GS2-like, and ATGL lowers intracellular triglyceride levels. GS2-like and ADPN are strongly induced in the liver of ob/ob mice. |