| Modification Notes |
Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are expressed in various cancers, and absent in normal adult tissues, thereby functioning as useful vaccine targets for immunotherapy. The LAGE-1 gene gives rise to two CT products: a 180 amino acid protein containing 2 glycine-rich regions and a hydrophobic stretch near the C-terminus, and an alternate 210 amino acid protein that lacks the hydrophobic stretch near the C terminus. Both proteins are expressed in melanoma cell lines, lung tumors, sarcomas, and other types of cancer cells, but but not in normal tissues except for testis and placenta. LAGE-1 activates type-1 melanoma-reactive CD4+ helper-T cells and, thus, promotes long-lasting antitumor responses. |