| Modification Notes |
PANK (pantothenate kinase) proteins play an important role in the physiological regulation of intracellular CoA concentration and are regulated by feedback inhibition through CoA and its thioesters. PANK1 and PANK2 are 598 and 570 amino acid proteins, respectively, that both exist as four alternatively spliced isoforms. While PANK2 is ubiquitously expressed, isoform 1 of PANK1 is expressed in brain, heart, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle and testis, and isoform 2 is expressed in kidney, liver, brain and testis. The genes that encode PANK1 and PANK2 map to human chromosome 10q23.3 and 20p13, respectively. Defects in PANK2 are the cause of hypoprebetalipoproteinemia, acanthocytosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and pallidal degeneration (HARP). In addition, PANK2 mutations lead to neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA1), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder associated with iron accumulation in the brain. This accumulation of iron occurs primarily in the basal ganglia. |