| Modification Notes |
Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone, functions as an antagonist to insulin, stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose and increasing blood sugar levels. GLP-1 functions as a transmitter in the central nervous system, inhibiting feeding and drinking behavior. Both Glucagon and GLP-1 function through their specific binding to the Glucagon Receptor or GLP-1R, respectively. The Glucagon Receptor is expressed in liver, kidney and adipose tissue. The GLP-1R expression primarily localizes to areas of the hypothalamus involved in feeding behavior. Both receptors and their ligands serve as potential targets for the therapeutic treatment of diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor, also designated GLP-2 receptor or glp-2r, acts as a receptor for Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). GLP-2 is a nutrient-responsive hormone that has various functions in the gastrointestinal tract. The activity of GLP-2R, which is a multi-pass membrane protein, is mediated by G-proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. |