| Modification Notes |
The NPY1R gene, located on human chromosome 4q32, encodes a 384 amino acid protein, NPY1-R (also designated Neuropeptide Y receptor Y1). NPY1-R is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, and like other members has seven putative transmembrane domains (1). However, NPY1-R gene consists of three exons, unlike the contiguous structure of other G-protein-coupled receptor genes. NPY1-R is expressed in the postsynaptic membrane of spleen, small intestine, kidney, testis, placenta, aortic smooth muscle, and throughout the central nervous system. NPY1-R associates with Neuropeptide Y, unphosphorylated Peptide YY (PYY) and particularly strongly with phosphorolated PYY. Depending on the cell type, NPY1-R couples with different G proteins, which act as second messengers. NPY1-R activation is necessary and sufficient for the release of substance P, a pain neurotransmitter, and the initiation of neurogenic inflammation. NPY1-R stimulates feeding behaviors, through an interaction with NPY. |