| Modification Notes |
SPBP (SPRE-binding protein), also known as AR1 or TCF20 (transcription factor 20), is a 1,960 amino acid nuclear protein that is expressed in most tissues, with the exception of ovary and prostate. Two isoforms of SPBP exists due to alternative splicing events. While SPBP isoform 1 is predominantly expressed in liver and kidney, with exclusive expression in brain, heart and testis, SPBP isoform 2 is predominantly expressed in lung. Considered a transcriptional activator, SPBP binds to the regulatory region of MMP-3 thereby controling stromelysin expression. SPBP exists as a homodimer that interacts with RNF4 and c-Jun. SPBP stimulates the activity of several transcriptional activators such as Sp1, Pax-6 and Ets-1, suggesting a function as a coactivator. SPBP contains an A.T. hook DNA-binding domain and a PHD-type zinc finger, and is phosphorylated upon DNA damage by ATM or ATR. It is suggested that SPBP is a phosphoserine-specific repressor of ERå (estrogen receptor alpha). |