| Modification Notes |
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that has diverse actions in the brain as a regulator of host defense responses and a mediator of inflammation. Two major agonists, IL-1å and IL-1∫, bind to a single known functional type-1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI), which associates with the accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), resulting in signal transduction. IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9 signal through IL-1RAcP to activate NF˚B. The membrane bound form of IL-1RAcP (mIL-1RAcP) facilitates signal transduction. Two alternatively spliced isoforms, soluble IL-1RAcP (sIL-1RAcP) and sIL-1RAcP-∫, which lack transmembrane and intracellular domains, can inhibit IL-1 signaling. Although both mIL-1RAcP and sIL-1RAcP mRNAs are widely expressed in human tissue, their relative proportions differ significantly in a tissue-specific manner. |