| Modification Notes |
Estrogen and progesterone receptors are members of a family of transcription factors that are regulated by the binding of their cognate ligands. The interaction of hormone-bound estrogen receptors with estrogen responsive elements (EREs) alters transcription of ERE-containing genes. Estrogen receptor-related proteins (ERRå, ∫ and ©) are orphan nuclear receptors. Like estrogen receptors, ERRs bind specifically to EREs to activate reporter genes. ERR∫, also known as steroid hormone receptor ERR2 or estrogen receptor-like 2, contains a DNA binding domain and is highly homologous to ERå. ERR∫ is expressed during mammary gland development and is critical in embryo development. It is expressed in a subset of diploid trophoblast cells which make up the chorion. The loss of ERR∫ results in severely impaired chorion formation leading to placental failure and embryonic death. This suggests that ERR∫ may be necessary for the proper formation or function of the chorion. In addition, ERR∫ potently represses the transcriptional activity of Nrf2. |
