| Modification Notes |
SPRED2 (Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 2) is a 418 amino acid protein that localizes to the peripheral membrane and contains one WH1 domain, one sprouty domain and one KBD domain. Expressed in prostate, skin, liver, salivary gland and small intestine, SPRED2 exists as a homodimer or a heterodimer (with SPRED1) that functions as a tyrosine kinase substrate and acts to inhibit growth-factor-induced MAP kinase (ERK 2) cascade activation. Human SPRED2 is subject to phosphorylation on Tyr 228 or Tyr 231, an event that leads to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of SPRED2 by the proteasome. Abnormal expression of SPRED2 is associated with a variety of malignant tumors, suggesting a role for SPRED2 in carcinogenesis. Additionally, disruption of the gene encoding SPRED2 that leads to an activation of the ERK 2 pathway may cause dwarfism. |