| Modification Notes |
The heteromeric transporter OSTå/OST∫ facilitates the transport of bile and other steroid solutes across the basolateral epithelial cell membrane of intestine, liver, testis, kidney and adrenal gland. OSTå/OST∫ expression is induced by bile acids through ligand-dependent transactivation of their genes by FXR (Farnesoid X-activated receptor). This genetic regulation suggests that in response to changes in intracellular bile acid levels, bile acids adjust the rate of their own efflux from enterocytes. OSTå (organic solute transporter subunit alpha) is a 340 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that requires interaction with OST∫ in order to reach the plasma membrane. In OSTå null mice, transileal transport of taurocholate was reduced by more than 80% and bile acid pool size was reduced by more than 65% when compared with wildtype mice, suggesting that OSTå is critical for intestinal bile acid transport. Though widely expressed, OSTå is present at highest levels in ileum. |